What is civil law concerned with?

• A. Criminal prosecutions and penalties.
• B. Legal actions taken to resolve non-criminal private disputes.
• C. Public rights and government regulation.
• D. International treaties.

Answer: (B)

Civil law deals with private disputes between individuals or organizations, resolved through civil lawsuits or other private legal actions. It covers areas like contract disputes, torts (such as personal injury), property issues, and family matters, where the goal is to restore or compensate the injured party, enforce a private obligation, or determine rights in a civil relationship. Remedies in civil cases typically include damages, injunctions, or specific performance. This stands in contrast to criminal law, which involves the state prosecuting someone for an offense and imposing penalties like imprisonment or fines. Public or administrative law governs the relationship between individuals and the government and the regulation of public rights, not private disputes. International treaties fall under international law, which governs relations between states rather than private individuals.